Created in July 2024
PDF: paulgalea.com/Projects/Colors_Across_Great_Artworks/Visualisation.pdf

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Microsoft Excel
Python
R
Adobe Illustrator

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/* ....PYTHON SCRIPT.... */
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import os  
import pandas as pd   
from PIL import Image   
from collections import Counter  
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans 
import numpy as np  
   
def color_pixel_count(artwork): 
    with Image.open(artwork) as artwork:  
        artwork = artwork.convert('P', palette=Image.ADAPTIVE, colors=256)  
        return Counter(list(artwork.convert('RGB').getdata()))   
 
# Data  
path = r'DATA LOCATION'   
artworks = [os.path.join(path, file) for file in os.listdir(path) if file!='desktop.ini']  
  
# Transform
df = pd.DataFrame()
for artwork in artworks:
    d = pd.DataFrame(list(color_pixel_count(artwork).items()), columns=['rgb','pixels'])
    d['pixel_percent'] = d['pixels']/d['pixels'].sum()
    df = pd.concat([df, d], ignore_index=True)
df['weighted_percent'] = df['pixel_percent']/df['pixel_percent'].sum()*100
df['cluster'] = KMeans(n_clusters=100, max_iter=10000, n_init=10000,
                       ).fit(np.array(df['rgb'].tolist())).labels_
colors = df.groupby('cluster')['rgb'].nunique().pipe(lambda x: x/x.sum()*100)
df['hex'] = df['rgb'].apply(lambda x: '#%02x%02x%02x' % x)

df[['cluster','hex','weighted_percent'
    ]].to_csv(r'DATA LOCATION')

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/* .......R SCRIPT...... */
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library(readr)
library(treemap)

df <- read_csv("DATA LOCATION")
png("DATA LOCATION", width=1160, height=1380)

treemap(
  df,
  index = c("cluster", "hex"),
  vSize = "weighted_percent",
  vColor = "hex",
  type = "color",
  palette = df$hex,
  fontsize.labels = 0,
  fontcolor.labels = "transparent")

dev.off()

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/* ...SOURCES & EXCEL... */
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Top artwork lists, artwork and selection information:
paulgalea.com/Projects/Colors_Across_Great_Artworks/Artworks.xlsx

Top artwork lists:
thepopularlist.com/most-famous-paintings-of-all-time/
brushwiz.com/most-famous-paintings
ranker.com/list/best-paintings-all-time/ranker-art
bookmypainting.com/blog/famous-paintings/
handmadepiece.com/most-popular/top-100-most-famous-paintings.html
timeout.com/newyork/art/top-famous-paintings-in-art-history-ranked
mymodernmet.com/most-famous-artwork-history/
thepopularlist.com/most-famous-paintings-of-all-time/2/
artincontext.org/famous-paintings/
edition.cnn.com/style/article/most-famous-paintings/index.html
artst.org/paintings/
finearttutorials.com/guide/famous-paintings/
youtube.com/@GreatArtExplained
auntbetty.com/en/travel-stories/10-famous-artworks-and-where-to-see-them
artistro.com/blogs/news/30-most-famous-artworks-in-history-the-greatest-art-of-all-time

Artworks included in visualisation:
A Bar at the Folies-Bergere - Edouard Manet
A Friend in Need - Cassius Marcellus Coolidge
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte - Georges Seurat
Adoration of the Maji - Gentile da Fabriano
American Gothic - Grant Wood
Annunciation - Leonardo da Vinci
Arnolfini Portrait - Jan van Eyck
Bacchus And Ariadne - Tiziano Vecelli
Bal du moulin de la Galette - Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Boulevard Montmartre - Camille Pissarro
Breezing Up - Winslow Homer
Cafe Terrace at Night - Vincent van Gogh
Charles I In Three Positions - Anthony Van Dyck
Christ in the Storm on the Lake of Galilee - Rembrandt van Rijn
Composition VIII - Wassily Kandinsky
Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow - Piet Mondrian
Death of Marat - Jacques-Louis David
Et in Arcadia ego - Nicolas Poussin
Flaming June - Frederic Leighton
George Washington's Crossing of the Delaware River - Emanuel Leutze
Girl with a Pearl Earring - Johannes Vermeer
Grande Odalisque - Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Guernica - Pablo Picasso
Impression, Sunrise - Claude Oscar Monet
Irises - Vincent van Gogh
Japanese Bridge - Claude Oscar Monet
Judith Slaying Holofernes - Artemisia Gentileschi
Lady with an Ermine - Leonardo da Vinci
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus - Pieter Bruegel
Large Bathers - Paul Cezanne
Las Meninas - Diego Velazquez
Laughing Cavalier - Frans Hals
Le Dejeuner sur lherbe - Edouard Manet
Les Demoiselles dAvignon - Pablo Picasso
Luncheon of the Boating Party - Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Massacre of the Innocents - Peter Paul Rubens
Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci
Mr and Mrs Andrews - Thomas Gainsborough
Musicians - Michelangelo da Caravaggio
Napoleon Crossing the Alps - Jacques-Louis David
Nighthawks - Edward Hopper
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 - Marcel Duchamp
Number 5 - Jackson Pollock
Olympia - Edouard Manet
Paris Street, Rainy Day - Gustave Caillebotte
Pollice Verso - Jean-Leon Gerome
Portrait of Madame Recamier - Jacques-Louis David
Portrait of Madame X - John Singer Sargent
Primavera - Sandro Botticelli
Red Balloon - Paul Klee
Royal Red and Blue - Mark Rothko
Sacred and Profane Love - Tiziano Vecelli
Saint George and the Dragon - Paolo Uccello
Saturn Devouring His Son - Francisco Goya
Self-Portrait without Beard - Vincent van Gogh
Sunflowers - Vincent van Gogh
Susanna and the Elders - Artemisia Gentileschi
The Ambassadors - Hans Holbein
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp - Rembrandt van Rijn
The Ancient of Days - William Blake
The Astronomer - Johannes Vermeer
The Avenue in the Rain - Frederick Childe Hassam
The Basket of Apples - Paul Cezanne
The Battle of Issus - Albrecht Altdorfer
The Beheading of Saint John - Michelangelo da Caravaggio
The Birth of Venus - Sandro Botticelli
The Card Players - Paul Cezanne
The Creation of Adam - Michelangelo Buonarroti
The Embarkation for Cythera - Jean-Antoine Watteau
The Fighting Temeraire - Joseph Mallord William Turner
The Flower Carrier - Diego Rivera
The Foxes - Franz Marc
The Garden of Earthly Delights - Hieronymus Bosch
The Gleaners - Jean-Francois Millet
The Great Wave off Kanagawa - Katsushika Hokusai
The Gross Clinic - Thomas Eakins
The Harvesters - Pieter Bruegel
The Hay Wain - John Constable
The Hireling Shepherd - William Holman Hunt
The Kiss - Gustav Klimt
The Ladies Waldegrave - Joshua Reynolds
The Lady of Shalott - John William Waterhouse
The Last Supper - Leonardo da Vinci
The Liberty Leading the People - Eugene Delacroix
The Lovers II - Rene Magritte
The Milkmaid - Johannes Vermeer
The Naked Maja - Francisco Goya
The Netherlandish Proverbs - Pieter Bruegel
The Night Cafe - Vincent van Gogh
The Night Watch - Rembrandt van Rijn
The Ninth Wave - Ivan Aivazovsky
The Old Guitarist - Pablo Picasso
The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali
The Portrait of Dora Maar - Pablo Picasso
The Raft of the Medusa - Théodore Gericault
The Return of the Prodigal Son - Rembrandt van Rijn
The Roman Maidens - Juan Luna
The School of Athens - Raffaello Sanzio
The Scream - Edvard Munch
The Seed Of Areoi - Paul Gauguin
The Sleepers - Gustave Courbet
The Sleeping Gypsy - Henri Rousseau
The Son of Man - Rene Magritte
The Starry Night - Vincent van Gogh
The Swing - Joean Honore Fragonard
The Third of May 1808 - Francisco Goya
The Tower of Babel - Pieter Bruegel
The Treachery Of Images - Rene Magritte
The Triumph of Galatea - Raffaello Sanzio
The Two Fridas - Frida Kahlo
Three Musicians - Pablo Picasso
View of Toledo - El Greco
Wanderer above the Sea of Fog - Caspar David Friedrich
Water Lilies Series - Claude Oscar Monet
Watson and the Shark - John Singleton Copley
Whistler's Mother - James Abbott McNeill Whistler